英语定语VS补语终极对决:3分钟彻底分清谁是谁!
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定语VS补语
一、核心区别:修饰 vs. 补充定语(Attribute):功能:修饰名词或代词,回答“什么样的?”位置:紧贴被修饰的名词(前或后)。例句:The red apple (定语) is sweet. → red修饰appleThe girl in the hat (定语) is my sister. → in the hat修饰girl补语(Complement):功能:补充说明主语或宾语的状态/属性,使句子完整。位置:主语补语:在系动词(be, become, feel等)后。宾语补语:在宾语后(常见于make, find, call等动词后)。例句:He is a teacher (主补). → teacher补充主语HeWe found the movie boring (宾补). → boring补充宾语movie二、关键对比表成分
作用对象
位置
能否删除?
例句
定语
名词
名词前/后
能,但信息减少
The running water (定语) is cold.
补语
主语/宾语
系动词后或宾语后
不能,否则句子不完整
She became angry (主补).
三、通过例句深度辨析场景1:形容词修饰 vs. 补语定语:直接修饰名词The excited children (定语) ran into the park.(形容词excited修饰名词children)补语:补充主语或宾语的状态The children were excited (主补).(excited补充主语children的状态)场景2:介词短语修饰 vs. 补语定语:修饰名词The book on the desk (定语) is mine.(on the desk修饰book)补语:补充宾语属性We consider him as a hero (宾补).(as a hero补充宾语him的身份)场景3:从句修饰 vs. 补语从句定语从句:修饰名词The man who is singing (定语从句) is my uncle.(从句修饰man)补语从句:补充说明内容The truth is that he lied (主补从句).(that he lied补充主语truth的内容)四、易错点总结混淆位置:❌ 错误:She found the book interesting (误认为是定语).✅ 正确:the interesting book (定语) / She found the book interesting (宾补).误删补语:❌ 错误:He is. (缺少主补,句子不完整)✅ 正确:He is a doctor (主补).系动词后成分判断:系动词后的一定是补语,不是定语!The soup smells delicious (主补). → delicious补充soup的状态小测试:判断划线部分是定语还是补语?
The cake on the table is for you.They elected him president.The news that she won surprised everyone.答案:
定语(修饰cake)宾补(补充him的身份)定语(同位语从句修饰news)掌握这招,定语补语再也不“打架”!
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